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冠状病毒

冠状病毒是一类通常影响鸟类和哺乳动物,包括人类呼吸道的病毒。"冠状病毒"一词来源于其表面的冠状突起。拉丁文中,“corona”意为“光环”或“王冠”。

科学家最早于1937年分离出一种冠状病毒,他们发现一种冠状病毒是鸟类传染性支气管炎病毒,有能力摧毁家禽存栏。冠状病毒亚科的成员在哺乳动物中广泛分布,通常只引起轻微的呼吸道或肠道感染。超过60种冠状病毒(CoVs)已从蝙蝠(BtCoV)中分离出来,其中大多数属于β冠状病毒属。

人类冠状病毒(HCoVs)

人类冠状病毒(HCoVs)属于Nidovirales目,Coronaviridae科,Coronavirinae亚科,Alphacoronavirus属或Betacoronavirus属。上世纪60年代在感冒患者的鼻子中首次发现了HCoVs,它们代表了与多种呼吸道疾病相关的冠状病毒(CoVs)的一个主要群体,包括普通感冒、肺炎和支气管炎等 [1]。它们通常引起短暂的呼吸道或胃肠道疾病。

迄今为止,已经确定了七种已知的HCoVs,即HCoV-229E、HCoV-NL63、HCoV-OC43、HCoV-HKU1、严重急性呼吸综合症冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)、中东呼吸综合症冠状病毒(MERS-CoV)和2019新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)。

其中,四种HCoVs(HCoV-229E、HCoV-NL63、HCoV-OC43和HCoV-HKU1)在人群中广泛传播,占人类普通感冒感染的约三分之一 [2]

Human Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)

Product Name Target Source Tag Info Product Code
Recombinant Human Novel Coronavirus Non-structural protein 8 (ns8) NSP8 E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP3366GND
Recombinant Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Non-structural protein 9 (nsp9) Nsp9 Mammalian cell C-terminal hFc-Flag-tagged CSB-MP3388GND
Recombinant Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Non-structural protein 9 (nsp9) Nsp9 E.coli C-terminal 10xHis-tagged CSB-EP3388GND
Recombinant Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Envelope small membrane protein & Membrane protein (E & M), partial E & M E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-SUMO-tagged CSB-EP3402GND
Recombinant Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (NSP12) NSP12 E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP3371GND
Recombinant Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Nucleoprotein (N) (Active) N E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP3325GMY
Recombinant Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Nucleoprotein (N) (T205I) (Active) N E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP3325GMY(M2)
Recombinant Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Nucleoprotein (N) (P80R) (Active) N E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP3325GMY(M3)
Recombinant Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Nucleoprotein (N) (P13L) (Active) N E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP3325GMY(M4)
Recombinant Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Nucleoprotein (N) (D103Y) (Active) N E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP3325GMY(M5)
Recombinant Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Nucleoprotein (N) (L230F) (Active) N E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP3325GMY(M9)
Recombinant Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Nucleoprotein (N) (I292T) (Active) N E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP3325GMY(M10)
Recombinant Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Nucleoprotein (N) (Q384H) (Active) N E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP3325GMY(M11)
Recombinant Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Nucleoprotein (N) (R203K,G204R) (Active) N E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP3325GMY(M12)
Recombinant Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Nucleoprotein (N) (D3L,R203K,G204R,S235F) (Active) N E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP3325GMY(M1)
Recombinant Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Nucleoprotein (N) (S202N) (Active) N E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP3325GMY(M8)
Recombinant Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Nucleoprotein (N) (R203M,D377Y) (Active) N E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP3325GMY(M13)
Recombinant Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Nucleoprotein (N) (D63G,R203M,D377Y) (Active) N E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP3325GMY(M14)
Recombinant Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Nucleoprotein (N), partial N E.coli C-terminal 10xHis-tagged CSB-EP3325GMY1
Recombinant Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Nucleoprotein (N), Biotinylated N E.coli N-terminal MBP-tagged and C-terminal 6xHis-Avi-tagged CSB-EP3325GMY-B

Human SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV)

Product Name Target Source Tag Info Product Code
Recombinant Human SARS coronavirus Protein non-structural 7b (7b), partial 7b E.coli N-terminal GST-tagged CSB-EP756006HQE
Recombinant Human SARS coronavirus Nucleoprotein (N) N Baculovirus N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged CSB-BP349523HQE
Recombinant Human SARS coronavirus Nucleoprotein (N) N E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP349523HQE
Recombinant Human SARS coronavirus Spike glycoprotein (S), partial (Active) S Mammalian cell N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged CSB-MP348663HQE
Recombinant Human SARS coronavirus Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S Yeast N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-YP348663HQE
Recombinant Human SARS coronavirus Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S Yeast N-terminal 6xHis-sumostar-tagged CSB-YP348663HQEa4
Recombinant Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 3C-like proteinase, partial N/A in vitro E.coli expression system N-terminal 10xHis-tagged CSB-CF3621GOU
Recombinant Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S Mammalian cell C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-MP348663HQEc7
Recombinant SARS coronavirus MA15 3C-like proteinase, partial N/A in vitro E.coli expression system N-terminal 10xHis-tagged CSB-CF3622GOV

Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E)

Product Name Target Source Tag Info Product Code
Recombinant Human coronavirus 229E Membrane protein (M), partial M E.coli N-terminal 10xHis-tagged CSB-EP323624HIT1
Recombinant Human coronavirus 229E Nucleoprotein (N) N Mammalian cell N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged CSB-MP322753HIT
Recombinant Human coronavirus 229E Nucleoprotein (N) N E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP322753HIT
Recombinant Human coronavirus 229E Nucleoprotein (N) N Baculovirus N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged CSB-BP322753HIT
Recombinant Human coronavirus 229E Nucleoprotein (N) N Mammalian cell C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-MP322753HITc7
Recombinant Human coronavirus 229E Nucleoprotein (N) N E.coli C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP322753HITc7
Recombinant Human coronavirus 229E Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S E.coli N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged CSB-EP321366HIT
Recombinant Human coronavirus 229E Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S Mammalian cell C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-MP321366HIT1

Human coronavirus HKU1 (isolate N1) (HCoV-HKU1)

Product Name Target Source Tag Info Product Code
Recombinant Human coronavirus HKU1 Non-structural protein 4 (4) 4 E.coli N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged CSB-EP689643HIU
Recombinant Human coronavirus HKU1 Non-structural protein 4 (4) 4 E.coli C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP689643HIUc7
Recombinant Human coronavirus HKU1 Non-structural protein 4 (4) 4 Baculovirus C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-BP689643HIUc7
Recombinant Human coronavirus HKU1 Non-structural protein 4 (4) 4 Yeast C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-YP689643HIU
Recombinant Human coronavirus HKU1 Nucleoprotein (N) N Baculovirus N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged CSB-BP683657HIU
Recombinant Human coronavirus HKU1 Nucleoprotein (N) N E.coli C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP683657HIUc7
Recombinant Human coronavirus HKU1 Protein I (N) N E.coli C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP683656HIUc7
Recombinant Human coronavirus HKU1 Protein I (N) N E.coli N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged CSB-EP683656HIU
Recombinant Human coronavirus HKU1 Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S E.coli N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged CSB-EP708794HIU
Recombinant Human coronavirus HKU1 Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S E.coli C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP708794HIUc7
Recombinant Human coronavirus HKU1 Hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) HE in vitro E.coli expression system N-terminal 10xHis-tagged CSB-CF613540HIV
Recombinant Human coronavirus HKU1 Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S E.coli C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP618924HIV
Recombinant Human coronavirus HKU1 Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S Yeast C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-YP618924HIV
Recombinant Human coronavirus HKU1 Non-structural protein 4 (4) 4 E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP608711HIW
Recombinant Human coronavirus HKU1 Non-structural protein 4 (4) 4 Yeast C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-YP608711HIW
Recombinant Human coronavirus HKU1 Nucleoprotein (N) N Mammalian cell N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged CSB-MP607323HIW
Recombinant Human coronavirus HKU1 Nucleoprotein (N) N E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP607323HIW
Recombinant Human coronavirus HKU1 Protein I (N) N E.coli N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged CSB-EP605916HIW
Recombinant Human coronavirus HKU1 Nucleoprotein (N) N E.coli C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP607323HIWc7
Recombinant Human coronavirus HKU1 Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S Mammalian cell C-terminal mFc-tagged CSB-MP611894HIWh8
Recombinant Human coronavirus HKU1 Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S E.coli C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP611894HIW
Recombinant Human coronavirus HKU1 Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S Yeast C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-YP611894HIW

Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63)

Product Name Target Source Tag Info Product Code
Recombinant Human coronavirus NL63 Envelope small membrane protein (E) E in vitro E.coli expression system N-terminal 10xHis-tagged CSB-CF764822HIX
Recombinant Human coronavirus NL63 Membrane protein (M) M in vitro E.coli expression system N-terminal 10xHis-tagged CSB-CF757672HIX
Recombinant Human coronavirus NL63 Nucleoprotein (N) N E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP744150HIX
Recombinant Human coronavirus NL63 Nucleoprotein (N) N Baculovirus N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged CSB-BP744150HIX
Recombinant Human coronavirus NL63 Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S Yeast N-terminal 6xHis-sumostar-tagged CSB-YP747509HIX1
Recombinant Human coronavirus NL63 Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S Yeast N-terminal 6xHis-PDI-tagged CSB-YP747509HIX

Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43)

Product Name Target Source Tag Info Product Code
Recombinant Human coronavirus OC43 Non-structural protein 2a (2a) 2a Baculovirus C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-BP767285HIY
Recombinant Human coronavirus OC43 Nucleoprotein (N) N E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP333798HIY
Recombinant Human coronavirus OC43 Nucleoprotein (N) N Mammalian cell N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged CSB-MP333798HIY
Recombinant Human coronavirus OC43 Nucleoprotein (N) N Mammalian cell C-terminal hFc-tagged CSB-MP333798HIYd9
Recombinant Human coronavirus OC43 Nucleoprotein (N) N Baculovirus N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged CSB-BP333798HIY
Recombinant Human coronavirus OC43 Protein I (N) N E.coli C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP700347HIY
Recombinant Human coronavirus OC43 Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-SUMO-tagged CSB-EP336163HIY
Recombinant Human coronavirus OC43 Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S Baculovirus N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged CSB-BP336163HIY
Recombinant Human coronavirus OC43 Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S Yeast N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-YP336163HIY
Recombinant Human coronavirus OC43 Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S Mammalian cell C-terminal 6xHis-Myc-tagged CSB-MP336163HIY1
Recombinant Human coronavirus OC43 Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S E.coli C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP336163HIY1

Human betacoronavirus

Product Name Target Source Tag Info Product Code
Recombinant Human betacoronavirus 2c EMC/2012 Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S Yeast N-terminal 6xHis-sumostar-tagged CSB-YP3416GNJa4
Recombinant Human betacoronavirus 2c EMC/2012 Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S Yeast N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-YP3416GNJ
Recombinant Human betacoronavirus 2c EMC/2012 Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S Mammalian cell C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-MP3416GNJ
Recombinant Human betacoronavirus 2c EMC/2012 Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S Mammalian cell C-terminal mFc-tagged CSB-MP3416GNJh8

Bat coronavirus

Product Name Target Source Tag Info Product Code
Recombinant Bat coronavirus 133/2005 Nucleoprotein (N) N E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP605318BFA
Recombinant Bat coronavirus 133/2005 Nucleoprotein (N) N Baculovirus N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged CSB-BP605318BFA
Recombinant Bat coronavirus 133/2005 Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S E.coli N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged CSB-EP610383BFA
Recombinant Bat coronavirus HKU3 Nucleoprotein2 (N) N Baculovirus C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-BP664686BFDc7
Recombinant Bat coronavirus HKU3 Nucleoprotein2 (N) N Baculovirus C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-BP664686BFD
Recombinant Bat coronavirus HKU3 Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S Baculovirus C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-BP663395BFD
Recombinant Bat coronavirus HKU3 Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP663395BFD
Recombinant Bat coronavirus HKU4 Nucleoprotein (N) N E.coli N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged CSB-EP387608BOT
Recombinant Bat coronavirus HKU5 Nucleoprotein (N) N E.coli C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP386462BOU
Recombinant Bat coronavirus HKU9 Nucleoprotein (N) N E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP385259BOVa0
Recombinant Bat coronavirus HKU9 Nucleoprotein (N) N Baculovirus C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-BP385259BOV
Recombinant Bat coronavirus HKU9 Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP385258BOV
Recombinant Bat coronavirus HKU9 Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S Baculovirus C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-BP385258BOV

Bovine coronavirus

Product Name Target Source Tag Info Product Code
Recombinant Bovine coronavirus Non-structural protein 2a (2a) 2a Yeast C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-YP838639BJE
Recombinant Bovine coronavirus Non-structural protein 2a (2a) 2a Baculovirus C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-BP838639BJE
Recombinant Bovine coronavirus Protein I (N) N E.coli C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP852737BJE
Recombinant Bovine coronavirus Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S Yeast C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-YP820951BJE
Recombinant Bovine coronavirus Non-structural protein 2a (2a) 2a Mammalian cell C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-MP855307BJF
Recombinant Bovine coronavirus Non-structural protein of 4.8 kDa (4b) 4b Yeast C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-YP314697BJF
Recombinant Bovine coronavirus Non-structural protein of 12.7 kDa (5a) 5a E.coli C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP848658BJF
Recombinant Bovine coronavirus Non-structural protein of 12.7 kDa (5a) 5a Baculovirus C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-BP848658BJF
Recombinant Bovine coronavirus Nucleoprotein (N) N E.coli C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP823718BJF
Recombinant Bovine coronavirus Protein I (N) N E.coli C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP844974BJF
Recombinant Bovine coronavirus Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S Mammalian cell C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-MP819726BJF
Recombinant Bovine coronavirus Nucleoprotein (N) N Mammalian cell C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-MP321743BJG
Recombinant Bovine coronavirus Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S Yeast C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-YP326525BJG
Recombinant Bovine coronavirus Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S Yeast C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-YP338650BJH
Recombinant Bovine coronavirus Non-structural protein 2a (2a) 2a Baculovirus C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-BP313890BJI
Recombinant Bovine coronavirus Non-structural protein 2a (2a) 2a E.coli C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP313890BJI
Recombinant Bovine coronavirus Nucleoprotein (N) N E.coli C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP889516BJI
Recombinant Bovine coronavirus Protein I (N) N E.coli C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP868731BJI
Recombinant Bovine coronavirus Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S Mammalian cell C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-MP874069BJI
Recombinant Bovine coronavirus Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S E.coli C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP874069BJI

Canine coronavirus

Product Name Target Source Tag Info Product Code
Recombinant Canine coronavirus Nucleoprotein (N) N E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP745849CHAH
Recombinant Canine coronavirus Nucleoprotein (N) N E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP327521CCO
Recombinant Canine coronavirus Nucleoprotein (N) N E.coli N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged CSB-EP327521CCOb1
Recombinant Canine coronavirus Nucleoprotein (N) N E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP312949CCP

Feline coronavirus

Product Name Target Source Tag Info Product Code
Recombinant Feline coronavirus Non-structural protein 7a (7a), partial 7a E.coli N-terminal 10xHis-SUMO-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged CSB-EP321722FEJ
Recombinant Feline coronavirus Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S E.coli C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP319859FEJ
Recombinant Feline coronavirus Spike glycoprotein (S), Partial S E.coli N-terminal GST-tagged CSB-EP319859FEJ1e0
Recombinant Feline coronavirus Spike glycoprotein (S), Partial S E.coli C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP319859FEJ1
Recombinant Feline coronavirus Spike glycoprotein (S), Partial S E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-SUMO-tagged CSB-EP319859FEJ1a2

Other coronavirus

Product Name Target Source Tag Info Product Code
Recombinant Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus Orf1ab, partial N/A E.coli Tag-Free CSB-EP2883GJE
Recombinant Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus Nucleoprotein (N) N E.coli N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged CSB-EP361212PQH

冠状病毒的传播

冠状病毒可以从一个人传播到另一个人,科学家认为这些病毒通过呼吸系统中的液体,如黏液,传播。冠状病毒可以通过以下方式传播:

● 通过咳嗽和打喷嚏而进入空气中

● 密切的个人接触,比如触摸或握手

● 接触带有病毒的物体或表面,然后在洗手之前触摸口、鼻或眼睛

由冠状病毒引起的疾病

人类冠状病毒通常导致普通感冒而非严重疾病。然而,冠状病毒也是一些更严重爆发的原因,如严重急性呼吸综合症(SARS)、中东呼吸综合症(MERS)和COVID-19。

SARS

SARS是由一种冠状病毒引起的病毒性呼吸道疾病,称为严重急性呼吸综合症相关冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)。通常,它导致一种危及生命的肺炎。SARS首次于2002年11月在亚洲报告。在接下来的几个月里,这种疾病在北美、南美、欧洲和亚洲的两打国家传播,直到2003年SARS全球爆发得到控制 [3]

根据世界卫生组织(WHO)的数据,在SARS爆发期间,全球共有8,098人感染SARS,其中774人死亡。这相当于9.6%的死亡率。

SARS的症状在一周的过程中逐渐发展,开始于发热。在疾病的早期阶段,人们会出现类似流感的症状,如干咳、寒战、腹泻、呼吸急促和疼痛。通常会发展为严重的肺部感染。在其最高级阶段,SARS会导致肺部、心脏或肝脏的功能衰竭。

MERS

MERS是由一种冠状病毒引起的,被称为中东呼吸综合症冠状病毒(MERS-CoV)。科学家在2012年首次识别了这种严重的呼吸系统疾病,当时它在沙特阿拉伯爆发。从那时起,它传播到其他国家。MERS-CoV引起的临床症状与SARS-CoV相似,但死亡率要高得多,约为35% [4]

MERS的症状包括发热、呼吸急促和咳嗽。该疾病通过与已经感染的人密切接触传播。然而,所有MERS的病例都与最近从阿拉伯半岛旅行归来的个体有关。

COVID-19

2019年,疾病预防控制中心(CDC)开始监测一种新型冠状病毒,SARS-CoV-2,导致现在被称为COVID-19的呼吸系统疾病的爆发。COVID-19的症状因人而异。它可能只引起很少或没有症状。然而,它也可能导致严重的疾病,甚至致命。常见症状包括发热、呼吸急促和咳嗽。有关COVID-19的更多信息,请阅读2019新型冠状病毒

参考文献:

[1] Pene F, Merlat A, Vabret A, et al. Coronavirus 229E-Related Pneumonia in Immunocompromised Patients [J]. Clin Infect Dis, 2003.

[2] Van der Hoek, L. Human coronaviruses: What do they cause? [J]. Antivir Ther, 2007.

[3] Graham R.L, Donaldson E.F, Baric R.S, et al. A decade after SARS: Strategies for controlling emerging coronaviruses [J]. Nat Rev Microbiol, 2013.

[4] Al Awaidy S. T, Khamis F. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Oman: Current situation and going forward [J]. Oman Med J. 2019

[5] Lim Y. X., et al. (2016). Human coronaviruses: A review of virus-host interactions [J]. Diseases, 2016.

[6] Yeager C.L, Ashmun R.A, Williams R.K, et al. Human aminopeptidase N is a receptor for human coronavirus 229E. Nature, 1992.

[7] Li W, Moore M.J, Vasilieva N, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus. Nature, 2003.

[8] Li W, Sui J, Huang I.C, et al. The S proteins of human coronavirus NL63 and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus bind overlapping regions of ACE2. Virology, 2007.

[9] View ORCID ProfileMarkus Hoffmann, Hannah Kleine-Weber, et al. The novel coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV) uses the SARS-coronavirus receptor ACE2 and the cellular protease TMPRSS2 for entry into target cells [J]. bioRxiv. 2020.

[10] Van Doremalen, N, Miazgowicz, K.L, Milne-Price, S, et al. Host Species Restriction of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus through Its Receptor, Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 [J]. J. Virol. 2014.