Mouse Dickkopf-related protein 3(DKK3) ELISA kit

Antagonizes canonical Wnt signaling by inhibiting LRP5/6 interaction with Wnt and by forming a ternary complex with the transmembrane protein KREMEN that promotes internalization of LRP5/6. DKKs play an important role in vertebrate development, where they locally inhibit Wnt regulated processes such as antero-posterior axial patterning, limb development, somitogenesis and eye formation. In the adult, Dkks are implicated in bone formation and bone disease, cancer and Alzheimer disease.

1. findings suggest that Dkk3 may be used as diagnostic marker and as therapeutic target for age-related muscle atrophy, and reveal a distinct transcriptional control of Fbxo32 and Trim63 PMID: 29717119
2. The data of this study suggest that Dkk3 is an agonist of Wnt signaling, and the ability of transgenic expression of Dkk3 to compensate for the decrease in Dkk3 expression in AD mice, reverse dysfunctional Wnt signaling, and partially inhibit the pathological development of AD suggests that Dkk3 could serve as a therapeutic target for the treatment of AD. PMID: 28922151
3. DKK3 expression in macrophages is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis through modulation of inflammation and inactivation of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. PMID: 28219919
4. DKK3 deficiency accelerated atherosclerosis and delayed re-endothelialization and exacerbated neointima formation. PMID: 28674110
5. These results suggest that Dkk3 has pleiotropic roles for a secretory glycoprotein that acts primarily in the gastrointestinal tract, thymus, endocrine and reproductive organs of the mouse. PMID: 27866302
6. these data suggest that downregulation of tubular beta-catenin signaling induced by Dkk-3 has a detrimental role in chronic proteinuria, partially through the increase in apoptosis. PMID: 27010856
7. Dkk3 expression was seen in the superficial zone of the mandibular condyle cartilage. PMID: 26362410
8. Studied role of Dkk3 on the pathogenesis of familial dilated cardiomyopathy, and whether and how Dkk3 interferes with Wnt signaling in heart tissues. PMID: 26641069
9. the soluble DKK3 protein might be a promising new agent for the improvement of current protocols for the directed differentiation of pluripotent and multipotent stem cells PMID: 26424886
10. DKK3 induces stem cell differentiation into smooth muscle lineage via ATF6 signaling and myocardin expression. PMID: 26105053
11. Date indicate that B1 cells have a better survival and proliferation capacity in the absence of Dickkopf-3 protein (DKK3). PMID: 25672757
12. DKK3 acts as a cardioprotective regulator of pathological cardiac hypertrophy PMID: 24413772
13. This is the first report of role of DKK3 in the testis and DKK3 mediated regulation of spermatogenesis via WNT-4/beta-CATENIN modulation. PMID: 23667645
14. Findings suggest that Dkk-3 maintains the structural integrity of the prostate gland by limiting TGF-beta/Smad signalling. PMID: 23444370
15. Dkk3 can act as a modifier gene in a mouse model for altered potassium channel function and suggest its potential involvement in human PA syndromes. PMID: 22918120
16. The precise expression of the Dkk3 protein was examined by generating transgenic mice that express EGFP integrated into the Dkk3 gene in a bacterial artificial chromosome plasmid. PMID: 22910798
17. abrogation of DKK3 function reversed tolerance, leading to eradication of tumors expressing the target antigen and to rejection of autologous skin grafts. Thus, our findings define DKK3 as a immune modulator with a crucial role for CD8 T-cell tolerance PMID: 22307622
18. Dkk-3 is expressed in human and mouse epidermis at the interface of upper spinous layer and granular layer. REIC/Dkk-3 expression is suppressed in the regenerative and inflammative epidermis of model mice. PMID: 21323747
19. data establish that Krm proteins are novel binding partners of Dkk3 and suggest a mechanism by which Dkk3 potentiates Wnt signaling PMID: 20370576
20. REIC/Dkk-3 stable transfectants show a reduction of malignancy in mouse prostate cancer RM9 cells in vitro and in vivo. PMID: 19885619
21. Dkks were involved in craniofacial developmental processes, including facial outgrowth, myogenesis, osteogenesis, palatogenesis, olfactory epithelium and tooth development; and the expression persisted to postnatal stage in the muscles and bones. PMID: 16195809
22. Altered phenotypes in dkk3 mutant mice were observed in the frequency of NK cells, immunoglobulin M, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels, as well as lung ventilation. Furthermore, dkk3-deficient mice display hyperactivity PMID: 16508007
23. Dkk3 was mainly detected in the occipital-vertebral joint. PMID: 16521043
24. Dkk3 plays a regulatory role in endochondral bone formation. PMID: 17002559
25. Heat-shock proteins play a crucial role in tumor-specific apoptosis by Dkk3. PMID: 17549386
26. data demonstrate that Dkk3 is a positive regulator of Wnt signaling, in contrast to its family member Dkk1; Dkk3 protects against apoptosis by reducing caspase activity, suggesting that Dkk3 may play a cytoprotective role in the retina PMID: 18093317
27. both ATF3 and Smad were crucially and synergistically involved in down-regulation of Id-1, which regulated JNK phosphorylation in REIC/Dkk-3-induced apoptosis. PMID: 18922905
28. Altered phenotypes in dkk3 mutant mice were observed in the frequency of NK cells, immunoglobulin M, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels, as well as lung ventilation. Furthermore, dkk3-deficient mice display hyperactivity. PMID: 16508007

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Secreted.

Dickkopf family

Highest expression in brain, eye and heart.

KEGG: mmu:50781

STRING: 10090.ENSMUSP00000033036

UniGene: Mm.55143