Recombinant Mouse Amelogenin, X isoform (Amelx)

1. The maxillary incisors of Amelx-/- mutants indicated the increase of the frequency and number of labial grooves with aging. PMID: 29337060
2. Results provide evidence that all three regions of amelogenin (N-terminus, C-terminus, central core) are required for enamel formation and structure. PMID: 26607574
3. an involvement of LRAP in lipid-raft-dependent signaling pathways are mediated by flotillin-1. PMID: 27277399
4. transcriptional activation of Amelx was associated with enhanced osteogenic differentiation, especially in the early stage of biomineralization PMID: 26709694
5. LRAP is primarily monomeric in solution, suggesting that the monomeric species may be an important functional form of some amelogenins. PMID: 25449314
6. AMELX may function as a growth factor-like molecules solubilized in the aqueous microenvironment. In jaws, it might play some role in bone physiology through autocrine/paracrine pathways, particularly during development and stress-induced remodeling. PMID: 24933156
7. temporal/spatial localization of amelogenins with exon4 peptide and functional differences in HAP binding suggests unique properties of amelogenins containing exon4 cause specific enhancement of biomineralization of early-formed HAP at maturation stage PMID: 25792521
8. Conversion to amelogenin expressing dental epithelial cells involved an up-regulation of the stem cell marker Sox2 and proliferation genes and decreased expression of mesenchymal markers PMID: 25122764
9. Leucine rich amelogenin peptide alters ameloblast differentiation in vivo. PMID: 23747796
10. the interaction of amelogenin with Grp78/Bip contributed to cell proliferation, rather than correlate with the osteogenic differentiation PMID: 24167599
11. among amelogenins, M180 alone is sufficient for normal enamel mechanical properties and prism patterns, but that additional amelogenin splice products are required to restore enamel thickness. PMID: 24072097
12. ERP expression follows defined developmental profiles; affects osteoblast differentiation, mineralization, calvarial bone development. with role in developing enamel matrix, ERPs retain conserved function related to bone biomineralization. PMID: 23625374
13. The study investigates the structure, orientation, and dynamics of three regions in the N-terminus of the protein: L(15) to V(19), V(19) to L(23), and K(24) to S(28). Phosphorylation and ionic strength alter the LRAP-hydroxyapatite interface. PMID: 23477367
14. Analyses of these data suggest that MMP-9 may be involved in controlling amelogenin processing and enamel formation. PMID: 22648084
15. Amelogenin affected mandible morphology and incisor enamel formation, while enamelin only affected incisors, supporting the multifunctional role of amelogenin. PMID: 22759786
16. analysis of daily rhythms of clock genes and Amelx in murine ameloblast cells PMID: 22653892
17. Amelogenin molecules form complex 3D-structures with N-terminal alpha-helix-like segments and C-terminal PPII-helices. PMID: 21984897
18. Alterations in the assembly (i.e. premature aggregation) of mutant amelogenins may have a profound effect on intra- and extracellular processes. PMID: 21540557
19. Amelogenin assembly is a multistep hierarchical process and provides new insight into the control of enamel mineralization. PMID: 21597263
20. Amelogenin promotes odontoblast-like MDPC-23 cell differentiation PMID: 21547453
21. Amelogenin undergoes stepwise hierarchical self-assembly. PMID: 21825148
22. Dlx2 and FoxJ1 physically interact and synergistically regulate the Dlx2, FoxJ1, and amelogenin promoters PMID: 21504905
23. elevated levels of Notch 1 in developing molars. cells within masses express transgenic amelogenins; development of abnormal proliferations suggests communication between amelogenin producing cells and proliferating cells PMID: 20923441
24. The presence of LRAP leads to changes in enamel appearance compared to enamel from knockout mice.[LRAP] PMID: 18701811
25. data indicate that specific levels of Amelx and Dspp gene expression define whether mouse cytomegalovirus induces enamel agenesis or hypoplasia PMID: 20484882
26. interactions between collagen and amelogenin might play an important role in the formation of the DEB providing structural continuity between dentin and enamel PMID: 20404336
27. We hypothesize that intracellular protein-protein interactions mediated via the amelogenin tri-tyrosyl motif are a key mechanistic factor underpinning the molecular pathogenesis in this example of AI. PMID: 20067920
28. self-assembly and apatite binding properties of amelogenin proteins lacking the hydrophilic C-terminal. PMID: 11852235
29. Altered amelogenin self-assembly based on mutations observed in human X-linked amelogenesis imperfecta (AIH1). PMID: 11877393
30. Polypeptides translated from alternatively spliced transcripts of the amelogenin gene, devoid of the exon 6a, b, c region, have effects on tooth germ development in culture. PMID: 12489164
31. interaction with cytokeratin-5 in ameloblasts during enamel growth PMID: 12657653
32. developmental regulated expression pattern is enhanced under vitamin-D-deficiency status and in a broader context may play an important role during ameloblast and odontoblast differentiation and function. PMID: 12667550
33. a critical signaling molecule required for appropriate development of the periodontium PMID: 14653387
34. specific amelogenin isoforms have effects on embryonic tooth development in vitro; DMP2 may play a role in the terminal differentiation of both ameloblasts and odontoblasts PMID: 15647828
35. data supports the hypothesis that: (1) AMELX contains 2 additional exons; (2) ameloblasts and odontoblasts synthesize amelogenin 8/9; and (3) amelogenin splice variants may have unique functions during tooth formation. PMID: 15972588
36. Conformational analyses of a recombinant mouse tooth enamel amelogenin using circular dichroism (CD), fluorescence, differential scanning calorimetry, and sedimentation equilibrium studies. PMID: 16284958
37. during differentiation, dental epithelial cells utilize a unique mechanism for increasing the production of amelogenin, the reuptake of secreted amelogenin PMID: 16293627
38. activated by synergism between C/EPBalpha and NF-Y PMID: 16595692
39. mutations within conserved amelogenin domains could account for enamel variations preserved in the fossil record PMID: 16707492
40. Analyses of amelogenin mRNA between control and Mmp20(-/-)mice revealed no differences in the splicing pattern. 3 previously unidentified amelogenin alternatively spliced transcripts are characterized. Exon-8-encoded isoforms are processed by MMP-20 PMID: 16998127
41. Co-immunoprecipitation analyses identified that the carboxyl-terminal domain (residues 218-359) of C/EBPalpha is required for the C/EBPalpha-Msx2 protein-protein interactions. PMID: 17210130
42. Female Amelx+/- animals showed significant reduction in optical retardation values when compared with the Amelx+/+ subgroup (p=0.0029). The secretory-stage enamel organic extracellular matrix of the Amelx-/- subgroup did not exhibit birefringence. PMID: 17364666
43. C/EBPdelta activates the mouse amelogenin promoter and synergistically cooperates with nuclear factor Y, suggesting that C/EBPdelta can functionally substitute for C/EBPalpha to produce an enamel matrix competent to direct biomineralization PMID: 17704518
44. demonstrate the protein region defined by amino acid residues 103-205 for CD63 interacts not only with amelogenin, but also with other enamel matrix proteins PMID: 17708745
45. the ameloblastin 37-kDa isoform interacts with amelogenin during early tooth development. PMID: 17921454
46. a single amelogenin protein was able to significantly rescue the KO phenotype and that one amino acid change abrogated this function during development. PMID: 18390542
47. Results describe the functional activity of the [A-4] amelogenin gene splice product in newborn mouse ameloblasts. PMID: 18394981
48. These findings suggest that the BMP2/4 contaminated during the purification process of enamel matrix derivative because of the avidity of amelogenin plays an important role in signaling pathway of calcification. PMID: 18515207
49. The presence of LRAP leads to changes in enamel appearance compared to enamel from KO mice. PMID: 18701811
50. Mice lacking expression of the AmelX, Enam and Mmp20 genes have been generated. PMID: 18714142

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KEGG: mmu:11704

UniGene: Mm.391342