Rat Transforming Growth factor β2,TGF-β2 ELISA kit

Transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein: Precursor of the Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transforming growth factor beta-2 (TGF-beta-2) chains, which constitute the regulatory and active subunit of TGF-beta-2, respectively.; Required to maintain the Transforming growth factor beta-2 (TGF-beta-2) chain in a latent state during storage in extracellular matrix. Associates non-covalently with TGF-beta-2 and regulates its activation via interaction with 'milieu molecules', such as LTBP1 and LRRC32/GARP, that control activation of TGF-beta-2.; Transforming growth factor beta-2: Multifunctional protein that regulates various processes such as angiogenesis and heart development. Activation into mature form follows different steps: following cleavage of the proprotein in the Golgi apparatus, Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transforming growth factor beta-2 (TGF-beta-2) chains remain non-covalently linked rendering TGF-beta-2 inactive during storage in extracellular matrix. At the same time, LAP chain interacts with 'milieu molecules', such as LTBP1 and LRRC32/GARP, that control activation of TGF-beta-2 and maintain it in a latent state during storage in extracellular milieus. Once activated following release of LAP, TGF-beta-2 acts by binding to TGF-beta receptors (TGFBR1 and TGFBR2), which transduce signal.

1. VEGF and TGFB2 are upregulated in femoral bone during fracture healing following implantation with coated titanium screws. PMID: 28361415
2. Diminished collagen synthesis in folliculostellate cell-deficient cell aggregates was partially recovered by TGFbeta2. TGFbeta2-mediated folliculostellate cell-pericyte interaction appears to be essential for collagen synthesis in anterior pituitary. PMID: 26957638
3. miR-378a expression is associated with its methylation status in TGF-beta1-treated cells, and epigenetically-regulated miR-378a inhibits TGF-beta1-induced hepatic stellate cells activation, at least in part, via TGF-beta2. PMID: 27855367
4. Hepatic TGFB2 gene expression was up-regulated in liver of bile duct ligation model of liver fibrosis. PMID: 27049496
5. These study results suggest that HR controls Tgf-b2 expression via regulation of miR-31, thus causing abnormal hair cycle in Hr(Hp)/Hr(Hp) mice. PMID: 25639665
6. Data suggest that Muller cells release TGF-beta2, inhibiting the proliferation of retinal endothelial cells via activation of Smad2/Smad3 and attenuation of ERK signaling PMID: 24838936
7. level of TGFbeta2 in rat colonic neoplasms PMID: 12209600
8. Tgfb2 exhibited dynamic changes in expression in experimental glomerulonephritis. PMID: 12545247
9. colocalizes with the trans-Golgi network marker TGN38 and a marker molecule for secretory granules, chromogranin B in PC12 cells and hippocampal neurons; a substantial portion of TGF-beta2 is secreted by the regulated secretory pathway in these cells PMID: 12595240
10. TGF-beta 2 may play a physiological role in germ cell proliferation/differentiation and Sertoli cell function. PMID: 12646048
11. role in cranial suture fusion PMID: 12733949
12. Tgfb2 exrpession increased in infarcted myocardium after propranolol treatment. PMID: 14575314
13. Analysis of Tgf-beta2 expression patterns in acute and progressive glomerulonephritis models. PMID: 15122060
14. TGF-beta2 mRNA and protein expressions in the cerebral cortex of the H-Tx rat, a model of congenital hydrocephalus. PMID: 15375625
15. TGF-beta2 plays important role in pancreatic morphogenesis and administration of excess all-trans retinoic acid before neurulation inhibit TGF-beta2 expression disrupted pancreatic morphogenesis particularly Langerhans islets. PMID: 16479313
16. differential processing of TGF-beta1 and -beta 2 may be part of the mechanism that generates isoform-specific functions of the TGF-betas PMID: 17516499
17. expression and signaling of TGFbeta2 and distribution of extracellular matrix proteins: laminin, fibronectin, collagens in the parotid gland of control and diabetic rats. PMID: 17574405
18. novel role for TGF-beta2 in protection from unloading-induced apoptosis in vivo PMID: 18378961
19. TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta 2 mRNA, but not TGF-beta3, is increased at 4 and 12 weeks in experimental diabetic peripheral neuropathy. PMID: 18406405
20. immunolocalization of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta2) in rat thymic stromal cells and thymocytes: TGF-beta2 may play an important role in the organization or development of thymocytes in the late stages of thymopoiesis PMID: 18554691
21. These results show that elevated expression of TSP-1 and TGF-beta can be detected in the injured segment of the spinal cord 12 and 24 h after injury. Thus, TSP-1 and TGF-beta may have a role in SCI. PMID: 19342245
22. The renoprotective effect of AM might be related to inhibition of myofibroblast activation, inducing of HGF and reducing of TGF-beta1 expression. PMID: 19434765
23. TGF-beta2 is an essential neuroprotective factor released by microglia in its culture medium that, to be fully effective, requires the concomitant presence of other factor(s) of low molecular weight. PMID: 19457129
24. TGF-beta2 and TGF-beta3 induced a dose-dependant increase of apoptosis in cultured stromal cells. PMID: 19656380

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[Latency-associated peptide]: Secreted, extracellular space, extracellular matrix.; [Transforming growth factor beta-2]: Secreted.

TGF-beta family

[Isoform TGF-beta2B]: Expressed in the aorta, primary bronchus, uterus, heart, skeletal muscle, sciatic nerve and spinal cord but not in the intestine.

KEGG: rno:81809

STRING: 10116.ENSRNOP00000003313

UniGene: Rn.24539