Mouse Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor UFO(AXL) ELISA Kit

Receptor tyrosine kinase that transduces signals from the extracellular matrix into the cytoplasm by binding growth factor GAS6 and which is thus regulating many physiological processes including cell survival, cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. Ligand binding at the cell surface induces dimerization and autophosphorylation of AXL. Following activation by ligand, AXL binds and induces tyrosine phosphorylation of PI3-kinase subunits PIK3R1, PIK3R2 and PIK3R3; but also GRB2, PLCG1, LCK and PTPN11. Other downstream substrate candidates for AXL are CBL, NCK2, SOCS1 and TNS2. Recruitment of GRB2 and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase regulatory subunits by AXL leads to the downstream activation of the AKT kinase. GAS6/AXL signaling plays a role in various processes such as endothelial cell survival during acidification by preventing apoptosis, optimal cytokine signaling during human natural killer cell development, hepatic regeneration, gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron survival and migration, platelet activation, or regulation of thrombotic responses. Plays also an important role in inhibition of Toll-like receptors (TLRs)-mediated innate immune response.

1. These results suggest a novel role for Axl in suppressing antigen presentation through MHCI, and enhancing cytokine release, which promotes a suppressive myeloid microenvironment. PMID: 28008921
2. AXL is not the key receptor for Zika virus infection using an Axl knockout mouse model. PMID: 28352123
3. present findings indicate that MafB enhances efferocytosis by regulating Axl expression in RAW264.7 macrophages PMID: 29030012
4. Study found that hematopoietic cell-Axl deficiency in Western-type diet-fed Ldlr(-/-) mice does not affect the progression of advanced atherosclerosis or lesional processes associated with TAM receptor signaling. PMID: 27958361
5. This study demonstrated that the Gas6(-/-) Axl(-/-) double knockout (DKO) mice showed axonal damage, motor deficits, prolonged neuroinflammation, and less remyelination following cuprizone exposure. PMID: 28925029
6. These results demonstrate that AXL is essential for limiting the immunosuppressive effects of type I interferons and enabling the induction of protective antiviral adaptive immunity. PMID: 27350258
7. GAS6-AXL signaling-mediated autophagy induction in murine macrophages ameliorates hepatic inflammatory responses by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. PMID: 27780404
8. Both Axl+/- and Axl-/- suckling mice supported the replication of Zika virus. PMID: 28786784
9. reciprocal activation of Axl and Mer receptor tyrosine kinases has a major impact on the outcome of renal inflammation. PMID: 27527599
10. Axl is critical for survival of T lymphocytes, especially during vascular remodeling in hypertension. PMID: 27365404
11. Axl plays an essential role in the regulation of NK cell development as well as natural killer effector function. PMID: 27549806
12. Matrix metalloproteases ADAM10 and TACE (ADAM17) cleave AXL receptor tyrosine kinase (Axl) in lupus-prone leukocytes. PMID: 27237127
13. Gas6/Axl and Akt/FoxO1a were involved in protective effects of testosterone on VSMCs senescence and collagen synthesis. PMID: 27206970
14. Axl allows specific identification of airway macrophages, and that its expression is critical for macrophage functional compartmentalization in the airspaces or lung interstitium. PMID: 25603826
15. results establish TAM receptors as both controllers of microglial physiology and potential targets for therapeutic intervention in central nervous system disease PMID: 27049947
16. Gas6-induced Axl signaling is a critical driver of pancreatic cancer progression. PMID: 26206560
17. The results indicate that Axl and Mer receptors cooperatively regulate the systemic immune tolerance to male germ cell antigens. PMID: 25403570
18. Vascular depletion of Axl reduced vein graft stiffness. Axl expression determined the STAT1-SOCS1 balance in vein graft intima and progression of the remodeling. PMID: 26276821
19. Gas6/Axl signaling is essential for delaying the cellular senescence process regulated by the PI3K/Akt/FoxO signaling pathway. PMID: 25766527
20. Low MITF/AXL ratio predicts early resistance to multiple targeted drugs in melanoma. PMID: 25502142
21. nuclear receptor agonists increase MerTK and Axl expression on plaque-associated immune cells, consequently licensing their phagocytic activity and promoting plaque clearance. PMID: 25904803
22. Data indicate that TAM receptor tyrosine kinases Axl and Mer had distinct roles as phagocytic receptors. PMID: 25194421
23. Axl modulates the pulmonary immune response during viral and/or allergic pathology, and they also suggest that targeting this TAM receptor might provide a novel therapeutic approach in these infectious diseases. PMID: 24659691
24. Axl null mice demonstrated delay in first estrus and the interval between vaginal opening and first estrus. PMID: 24476074
25. The AXL/LRP-1/RANBP9 complex is used by dendritic cells to cross-present apoptotic cell-associated antigens to T cells. PMID: 24509082
26. Adult brain neurogenesis is reduced in the hippocampus of the Tyro3-/-Axl-/-Mertk-/- triple-knockout & Axl -/-Mertk-/- double-knockout mouse brains, but not in single Axl-/- knockouts. PMID: 24244024
27. Axl glycosylation mediates tumor cell proliferation, invasion and lymphatic metastasis in murine hepatocellular carcinoma. PMID: 23082053
28. Data indicate that azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced inflammation-associated cancer is exacerbated in mice lacking Axl and Mer receptor tyrosine kinases. PMID: 23878224
29. expression of Axl in hematopoietic cells is critical for kidney pathology in early phase of salt-dependent hypertension. PMID: 23774230
30. Axl is not required for productive lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection of mice. PMID: 23325690
31. Axl contributes to carotid remodeling not only by inhibition of apoptosis but also via regulation of immune heterogeneity of vascular cells, cytokine/chemokine expression, and extracellular matrix remodeling. PMID: 22538191
32. Alpha-lipoic acid attenuates vascular calcification by inhibiting vascular smooth muscle apoptosis through two distinct mechanisms; preservation of mitochondrial function via its antioxidant potential and restoration of the Gas6/Axl/Akt survival pathway. PMID: 21362131
33. It was concluded that Axl is required for maximal VEGF-A-driven vascular permeability.VEGF-A engages the PI3K/Akt pathway by a previously unknown mechanism that involves three tyrosine kinases. PMID: 22327215
34. Data show that Axl alleviates EAE disease progression and suggests that in EAE Axl functions in the recruitment of microglia/macrophages and in the clearance of debris following demyelination. PMID: 21569627
35. The paternally differentially methylated regions (DMR) for AXL, a receptor tyrosine kinase, was validated in experiments with mouse embryos that demonstrated Axl was expressed preferentially from the maternal allele in a DNA methylation-dependent manner. PMID: 21324877
36. These data suggest that Axl acts as a tumor lymphatic metastasis-associated gene, and may function partly through the regulation of Cyr61. PMID: 20635370
37. Axl mAb affects not only tumor cells but also tumor stroma through its modulation of tumor-associated vasculature and immune cell functions PMID: 20603615
38. Axl is an important signaling mediator for oxidative stress in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells and intact vessels and may represent an important therapeutic target for vascular remodeling and response to injury PMID: 15123721
39. Identification, functional manipulation, in vitro and in vivo validation, and preclinical therapeutic inhibition of a target receptor tyrosine kinase mediating glioma growth and invasion. PMID: 16585512
40. Demonstrated an important role for Axl in flow-dependent remodeling by regulating vascular apoptosis and vascular inflammation. PMID: 16627783
41. Axl protein tyrosine kinase is essential for NK cell functional maturation and normal expression of inhibitory and activating NK cell receptors. PMID: 16751775
42. PI3K-Ras pathway is a major mediator of Axl actions upstream of Rac to induce GnRH neuronal cell migration. PMID: 17332061
43. Mice missing Axl showed impaired hemostasis and platelet function. The Tyro 3 RTK subfamily plays important roles in regulating hemostasis, megakaryocytopoiesis and platelet function. PMID: 17488688
44. pathogenic role for Axl in salt-sensitive hypertension. PMID: 17923589
45. Axl is expressed by BV-2 microglia cells and localizes to the cell membrane. Gas6 stimulation of Axl/Mer receptors results in the reduced expression of proinflammatory mediators by microglia in response to LPS. PMID: 18247125
46. Cells with active Gas6/Axl signal through Grb2 and the PI3 kinase/Akt pathways. PMID: 18346204
47. Axl-/- mice have delayed clearance of apoptotic oligodendrocytes and myelin debris resulting in prolonged axonal damage and recovery from cuprizone toxicity PMID: 18804096
48. Finding shows that Axl and Mer play an important role in regulating erythropoiesis and provides a novel insight into the mechanism of erythropoiesis. PMID: 19211638

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Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.

Protein kinase superfamily, Tyr protein kinase family, AXL/UFO subfamily

In distinct substructures of a broad spectrum of developing tissues (in the late embryogenesis). In cells forming organ capsules as well as in connective tissue structures (in adult).

KEGG: mmu:26362

STRING: 10090.ENSMUSP00000002677

UniGene: Mm.4128