Human major histocompatibility complex, class I, E (HLA-E) ELISA kit

Non-classical major histocompatibility class Ib molecule involved in immune self-nonself discrimination. In complex with B2M/beta-2-microglobulin binds nonamer self-peptides derived from the signal sequence of classical MHC class Ia molecules (VL9 peptides). Peptide-bound HLA-E-B2M heterotrimeric complex primarily functions as a ligand for natural killer (NK) cell inhibitory receptor KLRD1-KLRC1, enabling NK cells to monitor the expression of other MHC class I molecules in healthy cells and to tolerate self. Upon cellular stress, preferentially binds signal sequence-derived peptides from stress-induced chaperones and is no longer recognized by NK cell inhibitory receptor KLRD1-KLRC1, resulting in impaired protection from NK cells. Binds signal sequence-derived peptides from non-classical MHC class Ib HLA-G molecules and acts as a ligand for NK cell activating receptor KLRD1-KLRC2, likely playing a role in the generation and effector functions of adaptive NK cells and in maternal-fetal tolerance during pregnancy. Besides self-peptides, can also bind and present pathogen-derived peptides conformationally similar to VL9 peptides to alpha-beta T cell receptor (TCR) on unconventional CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, ultimately triggering antimicrobial immune response.; (Microbial infection) Viruses like human cytomegalovirus have evolved an escape mechanism whereby virus-induced down-regulation of host MHC class I molecules is coupled to the binding of viral peptides to HLA-E, restoring HLA-E expression and inducing HLA-E-dependent NK cell immune tolerance to infected cells.; (Microbial infection) May bind HIV-1 gag/Capsid protein p24-derived peptide (AISPRTLNA) on infected cells and may inhibit NK cell cytotoxicity, a mechanism that allows HIV-1 to escape immune recognition.; (Microbial infection) Upon SARS-CoV-2 infection, may contribute to functional exhaustion of cytotoxic NK cells and CD8-positive T cells. Binds SARS-CoV-2 S/Spike protein S1-derived peptide (LQPRTFLL) expressed on the surface of lung epithelial cells, inducing NK cell exhaustion and dampening antiviral immune surveillance.

1. Data suggest that, although different T-cell receptors adopt distinct docking modes on HLAE, energetic basis of T-cell receptor interaction is defined by set of conserved HLAE residues. PMID: 28972140
2. It indicates that HLA-E expression may have an immunomodulatory effect and a possible role in the severity of liver disease in chronic hepatitis C. PMID: 29951556
3. HLA-E is highly represented in ovarian carcinoma suggesting a potential association with progressive disease mechanism PMID: 29499226
4. Soluble HLA-E level is useful as a biomarker of disease activity and course in Takayasu arteritis patients. rs1264457 polymorphism is neither associated with susceptibility nor did it influence sHLA-E levels in TA. PMID: 28425192
5. The frequency of the HLA-E*0101/*0103X genotype in male patients with Pemphigus Vulgaris was found to be significantly higher than in men in the control group (P=0.023). PMID: 29252170
6. These data suggest that HLA-E overexpression frequently occurs in renal cell carcinoma and correlates with reduced immunogenicity PMID: 27589686
7. HLA-E restricted CD8+ T cells may represent an important subset of pTregs, suppressing previously activated target cells. PMID: 24144875
8. No specific HLA-G and HLA-E haplotypes were significantly associated with increased risk of developing severe preeclampsia/eclampsia. PMID: 27596021
9. Our findings provide evidence that during renal allograft rejection HLA-E along with high numbers of mismatched HLA-class I leader peptides might represent additional targets for immune-activating responses. PMID: 27871782
10. The results suggest that HLA-E allelic variants may play a role in the modulation of immune responses in the context of the inability of natural conception and establishment of a viable pregnancy. PMID: 27714943
11. The prognostic benefit of natural killer cells, but not T-cells, is influenced by HLA-E expression in endometrial cancer. PMID: 29059634
12. This data reinforces the presence of only two main full-length HLA-E molecules encoded by the many HLA-E alleles detected in our population sample. In addition, this data does indicate that the distal HLA-E promoter is by far the most variable segment. PMID: 28946074
13. HLA-E alleles and sHLA-E levels may represent novel biomarkers for early disease progression in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia PMID: 27859015
14. In insulitic islets from living patients with recent-onset T1D, most of the overexpressed ISGs, including GBP1, TLR3, OAS1, EIF2AK2, HLA-E, IFI6, and STAT1, showed higher expression in the islet core compared with the peri-islet area containing the surrounding immune cells PMID: 27422384
15. soluble HLA-Ib molecules HLA-G and HLA-E are present in BM plasma samples in physiological and pathological conditions, and their concentration correlated with stage disease in NB patients. PMID: 27610393
16. this study shows the high expression of HLA-E in actinic chelitis and in lip squamous cell carcinoma, which reflects the capacity that these pathologies have for evasion and progression PMID: 26723902
17. Our study reveals that HLA-E polymorphism is associated with nasopharyngeal cancer. PMID: 26896927
18. High expression of HLA-E is associated with non-small cell lung carcinoma. PMID: 26658106
19. The positive correlation has been found between the HLA-E*01:01/01:03 A>G polymorphism, plasma HLA-E level, and advanced fibrosis stages in chronic hepatitis B patients. PMID: 26956431
20. the promoter region of the HLA-E gene presents few and rare variable sites in Brazilian population sample. PMID: 26596885
21. HLA-E regulates NKG2C+ natural killer cell function through presentation of a restricted peptide repertoire PMID: 26382247
22. HLA-E is capable of presenting a highly conserved peptide from HIV-1 capsid (AISPRTLNA) that is not recognized by NKG2A/CD94. PMID: 26828202
23. over-expression of HLA-E is associated with melanoma PMID: 26090591
24. Peptide-induced HLA-E expression in human PBMCs is dependent on peptide sequence and the HLA-E genotype. PMID: 25735891
25. this study suggests that minor histocompatibility antigens presented by HLA-E can represent an additional risk factor following lung transplantation. PMID: 26302084
26. These results indicate that E*01:01 is a novel protective genetic factor in EBV-associated cHL and support a role for HLA-E recognition on the control of EBV infection and lymphomagenesis. PMID: 26261988
27. HLA-E molecules traffic differently from the HLA-class I molecules and can play a fundamental role in the protection against intracellular pathogens and susceptibility to several diseases. PMID: 26310830
28. Functional differences and the immunological impact of HLA-E allelic variant Arg107Gly PMID: 26552660
29. increased risk of recurrent miscarriage in mothers carrying HLA-E*01:01 allele; meta-analysis PMID: 25700963
30. The results derived from this study imply that HLA-E polymorphisms may influence RA susceptibility and affect clinical outcome of anti-TNF therapy in female RA patients. PMID: 26307125
31. genetic polymorphism is not associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in China PMID: 25636564
32. genetic polymorphism does not affect treatment outcome following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in Egyptian patients PMID: 25543014
33. Monoclonal antibodies to HLA-E bind epitopes carried by unfolded beta2 m-free heavy chains. PMID: 25982269
34. We identified that the HLA-E and HLA-F in gastric cancer independently affected clinical factors, including postoperative outcome PMID: 25862890
35. HLA-E gene polymorphisms are associated with the development of breast cancer in women of Han polulation. PMID: 25854574
36. HLA-E*0103 allele is associated with susceptibility to serous ovarian cancer in a Chinese Han population. PMID: 25711417
37. Review of the impact of human leukocyte antigen molecules E, F, and G on the outcome of transplantation. PMID: 25420801
38. IL-12-producing monocytes and HLA-E control HCMV-driven NKG2C+ NK cell expansion. PMID: 25384219
39. novel insights in the mechanism via which HLA-E expression levels are controlled and how the cellular immune response in transplantation and cancer is influenced by HLA-E. PMID: 25413103
40. Results show that HLA-E and KIR2DL4 demonstrate evidence of positive selection between human, chimpanzee and gorilla suggesting a main role for immunological adaptations linked to embryo deep invasion of the maternal endometrium during pregnancy. PMID: 25451741
41. Studies suggest that HLA class I molecule HLA-E to be a ligand for the innate and adaptive immune system. PMID: 25401109
42. Sera from early-onset, severely preeclamptic women directly modulate HLA-E expression in the EA.hy296 endothelial cell line. PMID: 24837231
43. Findings indicate that HLA-E up-regulation in 3D-cultured cells may result in enhanced tumor resistance to NK cell-mediated immune response. PMID: 24742303
44. The expression levels of HLA-G or HLA-E alone and the combined expression of both molecules were all statistically correlated with the overall survival of colorectal cancer patients. PMID: 25461612
45. Transgenic hCD46/HLA-E expression reduced humoral xenoresponses since all were downregulated during ex vivo xenoperfusion of hCD46/HLA-E double transgenic pig forelimbs with human blood. PMID: 24635052
46. IL-27 driven upregulation of surface HLA-E expression on monocytes inhibits IFN-gamma release by autologous NK cells. PMID: 24741633
47. NKG2C receptor deletion and a functional polymorphism in its ligand HLA-E may play a role in psoriasis susceptibility PMID: 24079744
48. surface HLA-E was higher on melanoma cells than on melanocytes and protected the former (6/6 cell lines) from lysis by natural killer (NK) cells, functionally counteracting co-expressed triggering ligands. PMID: 24011128
49. These results indicate that generating transgenic HLA-E pigs might protect porcine grafts from, not only NK cytotoxicity, but also macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity. PMID: 23994719
50. Data suggest that the cell-surface HLA class I molecules HLA-E, HLA-C, and HLA-G co-localize with each other on trophoblast cell membranes and have the potential to form preferential heterotypic associations that may be modulated by progesterone. PMID: 24006284

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Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Golgi apparatus membrane.; [Soluble HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain E]: Secreted.

MHC class I family

Expressed in secretory endometrial cells during pregnancy (at protein level). The expression in nonlymphoid tissues is restricted to endothelial cells from all types of vessels, including arteries, veins, capillaries, and lymphatics (at protein level). In

HGNC: 4962

OMIM: 143010

KEGG: hsa:3133

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000365817

UniGene: Hs.650174